Last updated with new events Feb. 6.
It started with an international phone call. It ended with the Senate voting to acquit President Donald Trump of charges that he abused his power and obstructed Congress, wrapping up the third presidential impeachment trial in U.S. history.
The House’s articles of impeachment followed months of investigation after a whistleblower’s complaint sounded alarms about the president’s efforts to get Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky to announce investigations into former Vice President Joe Biden and a debunked conspiracy related to the 2016 election.
The articles charged that Trump held up security assistance and a White House meeting to put pressure on Zelensky, then obstructed Congress to cover up that campaign.
This timeline documents the events that set the stage for Trump’s call with Zelensky and what’s happened in the months since.
The sources are either verified events, court filings, public statements or on-the-record reports.
Winter 2013-14: A popular revolution begins in Ukraine after its president tries to strengthen ties with Russia. Vice President Joe Biden assumes a lead role in U.S. diplomacy there.
Feb. 21, 2014: Ukrainian President Viktor Yanukovych goes into exile in Russia.
April 18, 2014: Hunter Biden, 44, son of Joe Biden, joins the board of directors of Burisma Holdings, a Ukrainian energy company. Biden’s directorship attracts attention because Burisma is owned by Mykola Zlochevsky, a minister under Yanukovych. Zlochevsky and subsidiaries of Burisma had faced accusations of money laundering, fraud and tax evasion. (Zlochevsky and the company have denied the allegations.)
See Figure 1 on PolitiFact.com
U.S. Vice President Joe Biden, center, son Hunter Biden, left, and his sister Valerie Biden Owens, right, at a ceremony in Sojevo, Kosovo, Aug. 17, 2016. (AP)
Feb. 10, 2015: Ukraine appoints Viktor Shokin as prosecutor general. Shokin inherits some of the investigations into Zlochevsky and his company. But Vitaliy Kasko, who serves as Shokin’s deputy overseeing international cooperation until he resigns in protest, later tells Bloomberg in 2019 that, under Shokin, the investigation into Burisma remained dormant. Kasko says the matter was “shelved by Ukrainian prosecutors in 2014 and through 2015,” and Bloomberg reports that documents back up his account.
Winter 2015-16: Many Western leaders and institutions, as well as Ukrainian anti-corruption activists, view Shokin as corrupt and ineffective for failing to prosecute anybody of significance and for protecting members of Yanukovych’s and Poroshenko’s circles. Biden threatens to withhold $1 billion unless Shokin is fired. (He later brags that his pressure tactics succeeded.)
March 29, 2016: Shokin is sacked by Ukraine’s parliament.
May 12, 2016: Yuri Lutsenko succeeds Shokin as Ukraine’s prosecutor general.
Jan. 2017: Burisma announces that all open legal cases against Zlochevsky and Burisma companies are “fully closed.”
Jan. 11, 2017: Politico reports, based in part on anonymous sources, that Ukrainian officials “helped Clinton’s allies research damaging information on Trump and his advisers” in 2016. Republicans later cite this article to push unsupported claims of Ukrainian election meddling.
Jan. 20, 2017: Trump is inaugurated as the Obama-Biden administration ends.
Jan. 23, 2018: In videotaped remarks, former Vice President Biden boasts that his threat to withhold $1 billion in U.S. aid to Ukraine unless Shokin was fired was successful. He says:
“I remember going over (to Ukraine), convincing our team … that we should be providing for loan guarantees … And I was supposed to announce that there was another billion-dollar loan guarantee. And I had gotten a commitment from (then Ukrainian President Petro) Poroshenko and from (then-Prime Minister Arseniy) Yatsenyuk that they would take action against the state prosecutor (Shokin). And they didn’t. …
“They were walking out to a press conference. I said, nah, … we’re not going to give you the billion dollars. They said, ‘You have no authority. You’re not the president.’ … I said, call him. I said, I’m telling you, you’re not getting the billion dollars. I said, you’re not getting the billion. … I looked at them and said, ‘I’m leaving in six hours. If the prosecutor is not fired, you’re not getting the money.’ Well, son of a b—-. He got fired. And they put in place someone who was solid at the time.”
Jan. 23, 2019: Rudy Giuliani, Trump’s personal attorney, participates in a conference call with Shokin and Lev Parnas and Igor Fruman, two Ukrainian business associates of Giuliani, according to the House Intelligence Committee’s Dec. 3 impeachment report. Notes of the call show Shokin making allegations about Biden, Burisma and Marie Yovanovitch, the former U.S. ambassador to Ukraine.
Jan. 25, 2019: Over the course of two days, Giuliani meets with Lutsenko, Parnas and Fruman in New York, according to the House Intelligence Committee’s report.
March 20, 2019: Journalist John Solomon, then an opinion contributor at The Hill, publishes a column promoting unsupported allegations about Yovanovitch based on an interview with Lutsenko. Lutsenko later walks back his claims.
The article is part of a series of columns that give false credence to unproven conspiracies related to Yovanovitch, Biden and alleged Ukrainian election interference in 2016.
Solomon goes on Fox News host Sean Hannity’s primetime TV show at night to promote the article. Less than two hours later, Trump tweets about the segment.
March 22, 2019: Giuliani tweets about “some real collusion between Hillary, Kerry and Biden people colluding with Ukrainian operatives to make money and affect 2016 election.”
March 24, 2019: Donald Trump Jr., Trump’s oldest son, tweets an article promoting the allegations against Yovanovitch from Solomon’s articles. He calls her a “joker.”
March 26, 2019: Giuliani speaks with Secretary of State Mike Pompeo, according to State Department emails obtained by a liberal ethics watchdog group.
March 29, 2019: Giuliani speaks with Pompeo a second time, according to State Department emails.
April 1, 2019: Solomon publishes another column. He writes that Biden pushed for Shokin’s firing to protect his son Hunter from investigations. He also writes that Lutsenko wants to present information to U.S. Attorney General William Barr.
April 7, 2019: Giuliani appears on Fox News. He brings up Hunter Biden’s position at Burisma and calls for an investigation into Ukraine.
April 21, 2019: Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky wins election and shares “a brief congratulatory call” with Trump, according to the whistleblower complaint.
April 23, 2019: Giuliani tweets, “Now Ukraine is investigating Hillary campaign and DNC conspiracy with foreign operatives including Ukrainian and others to affect 2016 election.”
April 25, 2019: Biden announces his 2020 run for presidency.
April 25, 2019: On Fox News, Trump suggests that Ukraine interfered in 2016. “I would imagine (Barr) would want to see this,” he says. “People have been saying this whole — the concept of Ukraine, they have been talking about it actually for a long time.”
Spring 2019: Hunter Biden leaves Burisma. There are conflicting reports as to whether the younger Biden’s departure occurred before or after the elder Biden announced his presidential run. (Biden’s campaign, Hunter Biden’s attorney, Burisma Holdings and a lawyer for the company did not respond to multiple requests for the date of Hunter Biden’s departure.)
May 10, 2019: Giuliani cancels a trip he had planned to Ukraine, during which he was to meet with Zelensky.
May 16, 2019: Lutsenko, Ukraine’s prosecutor general, tells Bloomberg there’s no evidence of wrongdoing by the Bidens in Ukraine: “Hunter Biden did not violate any Ukrainian laws — at least as of now, we do not see any wrongdoing.”
May 19, 2019: On Fox News, Trump claims Biden pushed for Shokin’s ouster to protect his son. This claim is inconsistent with statements from Lutsenko and other former Ukrainian prosecutors and anti-corruption activists.
“The prosecutor was after (Biden’s) son,” Trump says. “Then he said, ‘If you fire the prosecutor, you’ll be okay. And if you don’t fire the prosecutor, ‘We’re not giving you $2 billion in loan guarantees,’ or whatever he was supposed to give. Can you imagine if I did that?”
May 20, 2019: Yovanovitch leaves her post as U.S. ambassador to Ukraine. She later tells Congress in closed-door testimony that the State Department recalled her “under pressure from the president.” Zelensky is inaugurated.
May 23, 2019: Trump directs administration officials to talk to Giuliani about Ukraine, according to congressional testimony from Gordon Sondland, U.S. ambassador to the European Union.
June 12, 2019: Trump tells ABC’s George Stephanopoulos that he would accept dirt on a 2020 political opponents from foreigners and might not tell the FBI that he’s done so.
June 19, 2019: Trump asks the Office of Management and Budget about the military aid after seeing news reports, according to the testimony of career OMB official Mark Sandy.
June 21, 2019: Giuliani tweets that Zelensky is “still silent on investigation of Ukrainian interference in 2016 election and alleged Biden bribery of Pres Poroshenko.”
See Figure 2 on PolitiFact.com
Rudy Giuliani addresses a gathering during a campaign event for Eddie Edwards in Portsmouth, N.H. on Aug. 1, 2018. (AP/Krupa)
July 3, 2019: The OMB blocks a congressional notification clearing the way for the release of State Department security assistance to Ukraine, making some officials aware of a hold, according to witness testimony.
July 10, 2019: Oleksandr Danylyuk, former secretary of Ukraine’s National Security and Defense Council, visits Washington to meet with former National Security Adviser John Bolton, according to Oct. 29 prepared testimony from Army Lt. Col. Alexander Vindman, director for European affairs at the National Security Council. Sondland, Energy Secretary Rick Perry and Kurt Volker, then the U.S. special envoy to Ukraine, are at the meeting. At one point, Sondland “speak(s) about Ukraine delivering specific investigations in order to secure” a White House meeting, Vindman later testifies.
July 12, 2019: White House aide Robert Blair sends an email to Michael Duffey, a Trump-appointed OMB official, indicating that “the president is directing a hold on military support funding for Ukraine,” according to Sandy’s testimony.
The hold affects nearly $400 million in aid, including $250 million through the Defense Department-administered Ukraine Security Assistance Initiative and $141 million through the State Department’s Foreign Military Financing program.
July 18, 2019: At an interagency meeting, the Office of Management and Budget announces that Trump has directed a hold on security assistance to Ukraine, according to witness testimony and the House Intelligence Committee report.
July 19, 2019: Volker texts Sondland about the upcoming Zelensky call with Trump. “Most impt is for Zelensky to say that he will help investigation,” Volker writes. (Volker later provides these messages to Congress.)
July 24, 2019: Special Counsel Robert Mueller testifies before Congress. The hearing marks an end to the nearly two-year investigation into Russia’s interference in the 2016 U.S. election, the Trump campaign’s possible collusion with Moscow and whether the president obstructed justice.
July 25, 2019: Volker texts Andriy Yermak, a top Ukrainian official and aide to Zelensky. “Heard from White House,” Volker writes. “Assuming President Z convinces trump he will investigate / ‘get to the bottom of what happened’ in 2016, we will nail down date for visit to Washington.”
July 25, 2019: Sondland calls Trump and speaks to him about Ukraine ahead of his scheduled phone call with Zelensky, according to Sondland’s testimony.
July 25, 2019: Trump speaks on the phone with Zelensky. During the 30-minute call, the leaders discuss reviving a dormant Ukrainian government investigation linked to Burisma. Facing public pressure, the White House later publishes a summary of the call.
July 25, 2019: The White House Office of Management and Budget officially implements the hold on aid to Ukraine through footnotes in a series of funding documents, according to Sandy’s testimony.
A line in the first document’s footnotes say the Pentagon cannot spend the money until Aug. 5. A second line in the footnote says the “brief pause in obligations” will not prevent the Pentagon from disbursing the funds before they are set to expire at the end of the fiscal year.
Sandy later testifies that this line was meant to get “to the heart of that issue about ensuring that we don’t run afoul of the Impoundment Control Act,” a Nixon-era law that limits the president’s ability to delay congressionally appropriated funds.
July 25, 2019: The State Department sends two emails indicating that Ukrainian officials are aware that U.S. aid to Ukraine had been frozen, according to Pentagon official Laura Cooper’s testimony.
July 26, 2019: Sondland and Volker meet with Zelensky in Ukraine, per the whistleblower complaint and Zelensky’s website.
July 26, 2019: Trump and Sondland speak on the phone while Sondland is a restaurant in Ukraine, according to Sondland’s testimony and the testimony of David Holmes, an official at the U.S. embassy in Ukraine who was with Sondland and overheard the call. Trump asks if Zelensky is going to do the investigations. Sondland says yes.
July 29, 2019: Duffey tells Sandy that he will handle the funding documents controlling the aid going forward. In subsequent documents, Duffey continues to push back the aid’s scheduled release date, according to Sandy’s testimony and the House Intelligence Committee’s report.
Aug. 9, 2019: Sondland and Volker text about a statement Ukraine might be asked to put out about the investigations. Sondland says Trump “really wants the deliverable.” Sondland and Volker ask Giuliani what the statement should say.
Aug. 10, 2019: In a text to Volker, Yermak says he would like to nail down a date for Zelensky to visit the White House before putting out a statement.
Aug. 12, 2019: An unnamed intelligence official files a whistleblower complaint to the inspector general of the intelligence community, who finds the complaint credible and urgent.
Aug. 17, 2019: Sondland texts Volker, “Do we still want Ze to give us an unequivocal draft with 2016 and Boresma?” Volker replies that “that’s the clear message so far.”
Aug. 20, 2019: Giuliani tells the New York Times that he met earlier in the month with Yermak and “strongly urged” him to “just investigate the darn things.” Giuliani claims he was acting as a private citizen.
Aug. 28, 2019: The hold on security assistance to Ukraine is publicly reported by Politico.
Aug. 29, 2019: Yermak texts Volker with a link to the Politico story, writing, “Need to talk with you.”
Aug. 31, 2019: Sen. Ron Johnson, R-Wisc., raises the issue of the frozen security assistance in a phone call with Trump. Johnson later told the Wall Street Journal that Trump rejected the idea that he was conditioning the aid’s release on an investigation.
Sept. 1, 2019: Vice President Mike Pence meets with Zelensky in Warsaw, Poland. Zelensky raises the fact that U.S. assistance had been frozen, according to testimony from Timothy Morrison, then the top Russia expert on the NSC.
Sondland later testifies that when he raised the hold on assistance and investigations to Pence in a briefing before the meeting, Pence “nodded, like … he heard what I said.”
Following this meeting, Sondland pulls Yermak aside and tells him that the hold would not be lifted until there was an announcement of investigations into Burisma and the 2016 election, according to testimony from several witnesses.
Sept. 1, 2019: William Taylor, the top American diplomat in Ukraine, texts with Volker and Sondland about the administration’s handling of U.S. aid to Ukraine.
At one point, Taylor asks, “Are we now saying that security assistance and WH meeting are conditioned on investigations?”
“Call me,” Sondland replies.
Sept. 4, 2019: In a witness statement, the ousted Ukrainian prosecutor Shokin claims he was forced out because he was investigating Burisma. Shokin’s claim is inconsistent with statements from other former Ukrainian prosecutors and anti-corruption activists.
Sept. 5, 2019: Johnson and Sen. Chris Murphy, D-Conn., meet Zelensky in Ukraine. Murphy later tells NBC’s Chuck Todd that Zelensky expressed concerns about Giuliani’s “overtures.”
Sept. 9, 2019: The House Intelligence, Foreign Affairs and Oversight Committees launch an investigation into Giuliani’s dealings in Ukraine and the hold on aid.
Sept 9, 2019: Volker, Sondland and Taylor continue texting about Ukraine. Taylor writes, “As I said on the phone, I think it’s crazy to withhold security assistance for help with a political campaign.”
“Bill, I believe you are incorrect about President Trump’s intentions,” Sondland texts back. “The President has been crystal clear no quid pro quo’s of any kind.”
Sept 9, 2019: Michael Atkinson, inspector general of the intelligence community, notifies Rep. Adam Schiff, chairman of the House Intelligence Committee, that there was a whistleblower complaint of “urgent concern” that Joseph Maguire, the acting director of national intelligence, did not forward to the congressional intelligence committees.
Sept. 10, 2019: Bolton, the former national security adviser, resigns. Trump tweets that he asked Bolton to leave, while Bolton says he offered his resignation.
Sept. 11, 2019: The nearly $400 million of frozen U.S. aid to Ukraine is released, including the $250 million managed by the Pentagon and $141 million managed by the State Department.
Sept. 13, 2019: Schiff subpoenas Maguire to compel him to disclose the whistleblower complaint to the congressional intelligence committees.
Sept. 17, 2019: Maguire writes a letter to Schiff saying he will not testify or immediately hand over the whistleblower complaint to Congress.
Sept. 19, 2019: Atkinson briefs the House Intelligence Committee in a closed-door session.
Sept. 19, 2019: Giuliani admits he asked Ukrainian officials to investigate the Bidens in an interview with CNN’s Chris Cuomo. In the same interview, Giuliani also denies having done so.
Sept. 22, 2019: Trump acknowledges that he discussed the Bidens during his July 25 call with Zelensky.
Sept. 23, 2019: Seven freshman House Democrats with national security backgrounds publish a Washington Post op-ed that calls on fellow lawmakers to consider impeachment hearings after reports that Trump may have pressured Ukraine into investigating Biden. The authors write, “If these allegations are true, we believe these actions represent an impeachable offense.”
Sept. 24, 2019: Trump confirms to reporters that he withheld military aid from Ukraine. He claims he did so because other European countries were not contributing their fair share of financial assistance. (We fact-checked Trump’s claim on contributions, rating it Mostly False.)
Sept. 24, 2019: House Democrats launch a formal impeachment inquiry. In announcing the inquiry, House Speaker Nancy Pelosi accuses Trump of violating the Constitution by using his position as president to solicit help from a foreign government to damage his political opponent.
Sept. 25, 2019: The White House releases a declassified summary of the July 25 telephone call between Trump and Zelensky. It shows Trump had asked the Ukrainian leader to look into the Bidens and offered help from the Justice Department.
Sept. 25, 2019: Trump holds a press conference with Zelensky at the United Nations General Assembly in New York. Facing questions from reporters, Zelensky calls his July 25 phone call with Trump “normal” and says “nobody pushed me.”
See Figure 4 on PolitiFact.com
President Donald Trump meets with Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskiy during the United Nations General Assembly, Sept. 25, 2019, in New York. (AP)
Sept. 26, 2019: The whistleblower complaint is made public. It largely reflects the substance of the Trump-Zelensky call. The complaint alleges that White House officials sought to “lock down” details of the conversation by storing the contents in a highly classified computer system. It further alleges that other discussions between Trump and world leaders were similarly secured.
Sept. 26, 2019: Maguire testifies before the House Intelligence Committee. He defends his handling of the whistleblower complaint but says the whistleblower “followed the law every step of the way” and “did the right thing.”
Sept. 27, 2019: Volker resigns, as first reported by the State Press at Arizona State University.
Sept. 30, 2019: House Democrats subpoena Giuliani, asking him to turn over documents related to Trump’s efforts to have Ukraine investigate the Bidens.
Oct. 2, 2019: Steve Linick, inspector general of the State Department, briefs Congress and provides documents Giuliani had sent to State Department containing conspiracy theories about Ukraine, Yovanovitch and the Bidens. Rep. Jamie Raskin, D-Md., says the documents are a “packet of propaganda and disinformation” and a “distraction.”
Oct. 2, 2019: Pompeo confirms during a press conference in Rome that he was on the July 25 phone call between Trump and Zelensky.
Oct. 3, 2019: Trump publicly asks China to investigate the Bidens, a similar request to the one he made to Ukraine, which started the impeachment inquiry. (Read our story about Hunter Biden and business in China.)
Oct. 3, 2019: Volker testifies before Congress and shares the text messages — mentioned above — that he exchanged with Taylor, Sondland, Giuliani and Yermak.
Volker tells Congress he told Giuliani the narrative about Biden was “not credible,” that Giuliani had advocated for the July 25 phone call and that Trump once complained that Ukraine “tried to take me down” in the 2016 election.
Volker says Giuliani insisted that a proposed Zelesky statement in exchange for a White House meeting should include explicit references to “Burisma and 2016.” Volker says the statement “died” because Ukraine didn’t want to follow through with those references.
Oct. 3, 2019: The State Department tells Congress it has approved a possible sale of 150 antitank javelin missiles and related equipment to Ukraine for approximately $39.2 million. (Zelensky mentioned these missiles during the July 25 call.)
Oct. 4, 2019: House Democrats subpoena the White House for documents related to Ukraine and the impeachment inquiry.
Oct. 6, 2019: Lawyers for the whistleblower say they are also representing a second whistleblower with “first hand knowledge.”
Oct: 8, 2019: White House Counsel Pat Cipollone writes a letter to Congress saying the White House will not cooperate with the impeachment inquiry because of concerns about “due process.” (We examined the letter’s claims here.)
Oct. 10, 2019: Federal prosecutors arrest and indict Parnas and Fruman, Giuliani’s Ukrainian business associates, on campaign finance charges. The men played key roles in Giuliani’s efforts to oust Yovanovitch get Ukraine to investigate Biden.
Oct. 11, 2019: Michael McKinley, a former senior adviser to Pompeo, resigns. He later tells Congress that his decision was in part because he felt “disturbed by the implication that foreign governments were being approached to procure negative information on political opponents,” according to the Washington Post.
Oct. 11, 2019: Yovanovitch testifies before Congress. In prepared remarks, she says the State Department recalled her in May “under pressure from the president” and that she was wrongly accused by Giuliani of disparaging Trump.
She also says she felt “threatened” by Trump based on his pledge to Zelensky that “she’s going to go through some things.” She says she learned in late 2018 that Giuliani had been meeting with Lutsenko about her.
Yovanovitch says Sondland told her that if she wanted to save her job, she should tweet out support for Trump, and that the State Department would not issue a statement supporting her out of “caution” that it would be “undermined” by Trump.
Oct: 14, 2019: Fiona Hill, the White House’s former top Russia expert, testifies in Congress. She tells Congress there was “no merit” to the accusations against Yovanovitch.
She also says Bolton described Giuliani as “a hand grenade that is going to blow everybody up” and called the conditioning of a White House meeting on political investigations a “drug deal.”
Oct. 15, 2019: Hunter Biden sits for an interview with ABC’s Amy Robach. He says he “did nothing wrong at all” and that he never discussed his work for Burisma at length with his father.
Oct. 15, 2019: George Kent, a senior State Department official in charge of Ukraine policy, testifies that he was left out of decisions about the country and describes his interactions with officials who observed efforts by the administration to pressure Ukraine.
He says Giuliani “had been carrying on a campaign for several months” to remove Yovanovitch that was “full of lies and incorrect information,” and that his efforts to get the State Department to support her were unsuccessful.
He also says there was an effort underway by some Trump allies to secure a visa to bring Shokin to the United States.
Oct. 15, 2019: A federal grand jury subpoenas former Rep. Pete Sessions, a Texas Republican, for documents related to his dealings with Giuliani and his Ukrainian associates. A spokesman for Sessions tweets that Sessions is cooperating and providing the requested documents.
Oct. 17, 2019: Sondland testifies that Trump directed administration officials to involve Giuliani in discussions about Ukraine. He says he realized only later that “Giuliani’s agenda might have also included an effort to prompt the Ukrainians to investigate Vice President Biden or his son or to involve Ukrainians, directly or indirectly, in the President’s 2020 reelection campaign.”
He says the pressure on Ukraine started with corruption but “kept getting more insidious as (the) timeline went on.” He says the State Department was “fully aware of the issues” with Giuliani but was helpless to challenge Trump. He also says the investigations were “conditions (that) would have to be complied with prior to getting a meeting” and that he “could not get a straight answer” on why the aid was frozen.
Sondland later revises his testimony to clarify that he had told Ukraine “that resumption of the U.S. aid would likely not occur until Ukraine provided the public anti-corruption statement that we had been discussing for many weeks.”
Oct. 17, 2019: Acting White House Chief of Staff Mick Mulvaney says in a press briefing that the Trump administration froze military aid to leverage Ukraine into investigating a conspiracy theory related to the 2016 hacking of the Democratic National Committee server. Asked if that’s a quid pro quo, Mulvaney says “we do that all the time with foreign policy” and tells the reporters in the room to “get over it.” He later walks back these remarks.
Oct. 22, 2019: Taylor testifies that the Trump administration sought to withhold aid from Ukraine and deny Zelensky a White House meeting unless he launched the desired investigations.
In prepared remarks, Taylor says Sondland, Volker, Giuliani and Perry were leading “an irregular, informal channel” of policymaking with respect to Ukraine. He says Sondland told him “everything” was “dependent on a public announcement of investigations from Zelensky,” and that Zelensky planned to make such an announcement on CNN to avoid a “stalemate.”
In his closed-door interview, Taylor tells Congress it was his “clear understanding” that the aid would not be released unless Zelensky announced these investigations, and he says Giuliani was the likely mastermind behind that arrangement.
Oct: 23, 2019: Cooper, a Pentagon official, testifies before Congress after delays caused by protesting Republicans trying to storm the room.
Cooper says the Department of Defense determined in May that Ukraine had met the Pentagon’s anti-corruption requirements to receive security assistance. She says the “funds were held without explanation.”
She also says that conversations with Volker led her to make “a very strong inference that there was some knowledge on the part of the Ukrainians” about the freeze on aid.
Oct: 23, 2019: Parnas and Fruman plead not guilty in court.
Oct. 24, 2019: Senate Judiciary Chairman Lindsey Graham, R-S.C., introduces a resolution condemning the impeachment inquiry. The resolution claims the inquiry is “denying President Trump basic fairness and due process accorded every American,” a statement we rated False.
Oct. 26, 2019: McKinley testifies in Congress that he resigned in part because he became aware of “missions to procure negative political information for domestic purposes” and in part because he was frustrated by Yovanovitch’s removal from Ukraine. He says he requested that the State Department publicly defend Yovanovitch, but that Pompeo brushed off his concerns.
Oct. 26, 2019: Philip Reeker, acting assistant secretary at the State Department’s Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs, testifies behind closed doors. He says he tried to get the State Department to issue a “robust” statement backing Yovanovitch.
Reeker says Yovanovitch had an “outstanding” reputation but faced “really outrageous press coverage and innuendo and threats coming from high levels, retweeting irresponsible journalism, which affected her personally, her safety, affected our mission, reflected on the United States.”
He also says “there was an understanding” that Giuliani was “feeding the president a lot of very negative views about Ukraine.”
Oct. 28, 2019: Pelosi announces that the House will vote on a resolution to affirm the ongoing investigation and lay out procedures for public hearings.
Oct. 29, 2019: Vindman, the director for European affairs at the National Security Council, testifies that he listened in on the July 25 phone call from the White House Situation Room and raised concerns about it with the NSC’s lead counsel. He says he previously reported concerns following the July 10 meeting between Danylyuk and Bolton, Volker, Sondland and Perry.
Answering questions from Congress, Vindman says Mulvaney “coordinated” a plan to condition a White House meeting on the investigation into the Bidens.
He also says “there were a couple of things that were not included” in the readout of the July 25 phone call, such as a mention by Trump of “recordings.” Vindman says that in one case, when Zelensky is quoted as saying “the company,” he really said “to Burisma that you mentioned.”
Oct. 30, 2019: State Department official Christopher Anderson, who worked under Volker as an expert on Ukraine until July 12, testifies in Congress that Bolton once said Giuliani “could be an obstacle to increased White House engagement.”
He says that Lutsenko was trying to curry favor with Giuliani in order to keep his job, and that he believed “Giuliani’s narrative” could undermine U.S. policy in Ukraine.
Oct. 30, 2019: State Department official Catherine Croft, who took over Anderson’s role under Volker and previously worked for the National Security Council, testifies. She says that during her time with the NSC, she received multiple calls from a Republican lobbyist saying Yovanovitch, the former U.S. ambassador to Ukraine, should be fired. Croft also says she was told that Mulvaney held up aid to Ukraine at Trump’s “direction.”
In her interview behind closed doors, she says two Ukrainian embassy officials reached out to her to ask about the hold on military aid before it became public. She says they “found out very early on or much earlier than I expected them to.”
Oct. 30, 2019: Deputy Secretary of State John Sullivan, Trump’s nominee to become the U.S. ambassador to Russia, testifies during his Senate confirmation hearing that Giuliani was part of a “campaign against” Yovanovitch.
Oct. 31, 2019: The House votes to approve a resolution directing its committees to continue investigating Trump’s conduct and laying out rules for a public phase of the impeachment inquiry. The resolution passes 232-196, with no Republicans voting in favor.
Oct. 31, 2019: Morrison testifies behind closed doors that Sondland told Yermak that “what could help them move the aid was if the prosecutor general would to go the mic and announce that he was opening the Burisma investigation.” Morrison witnessed the conversation occur and briefed Bolton, Taylor and the NSC lawyers about it.
Morrison also says he listened to the July 25 call and was not concerned that anything illegal had been discussed. But he advised NSC lawyers afterward to review and restrict access to the call’s written record because it would be “damaging” if “its contents leaked.”
Nov. 4, 2019: Sondland revises his Oct. 17 testimony to inform Congress that he told Ukraine “that resumption of the U.S. aid would likely not occur until Ukraine provided the public anti-corruption statement that we had been discussing for many weeks.”
Nov. 4, 2019: The House Intelligence committee releases transcripts of the closed-door depositions provided by Yovanovitch and McKinley.
Nov. 5, 2019: The House Intelligence committee releases transcripts of the closed-door depositions provided by Sondland and Volker. The committee also releases additional text messages that Volker turned over during his testimony.
Nov. 6, 2019: David Hale, the State Department’s third-ranking official, testifies privately. He says the allegations Giuliani was pushing about Yovanovitch seemed like “a roundabout way the president was trying to get rid of the ambassador through this smear campaign.”
Hale says Pompeo was “most likely” behind the State Department’s decision not to issue a statement in support of Yovanovitch, who Hale felt was “doing a very good job.”
Nov. 6, 2019: The House Intelligence committee releases the transcript of Taylor’s closed-door deposition.
Nov. 7, 2019: The House Intelligence committee releases the transcript of Kent’s closed-door deposition.
Nov. 7, 2019: Pence aide Jennifer Williams, a foreign service officer, testifies privately. She says Trump asked Pence not to attend Zelensky’s inauguration.
She says she listened in on the July 25 call and felt Trump’s mention of specific investigations was “unusual and inappropriate” and “shed some light on possible other motivations behind a security assistance hold.” She says her handwritten notes reflect that Zelensky said “Burisma” on the call, even as the call readout does not show him specifically naming the company.
Nov. 7, 2019: Lawyers for the whistleblower send a cease-and-desist letter urging Trump to stop calling for the public disclosure of the whistleblower’s identity.
Nov. 8, 2019: The House Intelligence committee releases transcripts of the closed-door depositions provided by Hill and Vindman.
Nov. 8, 2019: House Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy, R-Calif., announces he has appointed Rep. Jim Jordan, R-Ohio, to the House Intelligence Committee to fight “for fairness and truth.”
Nov. 9, 2019: Rep. Devin Nunes, R-Calif. and the ranking member on the House Intelligence Committee, sends a letter to Schiff listing Republicans’ requests for open hearing witnesses. The list includes Volker, Hale, Morrison, Hunter Biden and the whistleblower, as well as individuals connected to unsubstantiated claims about Burisma and the 2016 election.
Nov. 11, 2019: The House Intelligence Committee releases transcripts of the closed-door depositions provided by Croft, Anderson and Cooper.
Nov. 13, 2019: The House Intelligence Committee leads its first public hearing with testimony from Kent and Taylor, who reaffirm what they said in private testimony.
Kent affirms that Russia — not Ukraine — interfered in the 2016 election. He says that Biden’s pressure to remove Shokin was not equivalent to Trump’s actions on Ukraine, and that Yovanovitch did not deserve to be recalled.
Taylor testifies that Trump wanted Zelensky in a “public box,” that Zelensky did not want to play a role in U.S. domestic politics, that Trump believed he had been “wronged” by the Ukrainians and was “owed” the investigations in return, and that conditioning aid for political purposes was not normal and not something he had seen before.
In a new revelation, Taylor also says Holmes, his staffer at the embassy in Ukraine, had told him since his private deposition about the phone call between Sondland and Trump that occurred July 26, while Sondland and Holmes were at a restaurant in Kiev.
Nov. 15, 2019: Yovanovitch testifies publicly. Her comments largely match what she said behind closed doors. She denies unsupported allegations pushed by Giuliani, Lutsenko, Solomon and others that she bad-mouthed Trump or gave Lutsenko a do-not-prosecute list.
While Yovanovitch is testifying, Trump tweets that “everywhere Marie Yovanovitch went turned bad,” a claim PolitiFact rated Pants on Fire. Yovanovitch says Trump’s tweet is “very intimidating.”
Nov. 15, 2019: Holmes, the U.S. embassy official in Ukraine,
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